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Williams Field or Willy Field is a United States Antarctic Program airfield in Antarctica. Williams Field consists of two snow runways located on approximately 8 meters (25 ft) of compacted snow, lying on top of 80 meters (262 ft) of ice, floating over 550 meters (1,800 ft) of water.〔(Antarctic Photo Library ), U.S. Antarctic Program; National Science Foundation.〕 The airport, which is approximately seven miles from Ross Island, serves McMurdo Station and New Zealand’s Scott Base. Until the 2009-10 summer season, Williams was the major airfield for on-continent aircraft operations in Antarctica. Williams Field is named in honor of Richard T. Williams, a United States Navy equipment operator who drowned when his D-8 tractor broke through the ice on January 6, 1956. Williams and other personnel were participants in the first Operation Deep Freeze, a U.S. military mission to build a permanent science research station at McMurdo Station in anticipation of the International Geophysical Year 1957–58. == Operation == The skiway was typically in operation from December through to the end of February. Other McMurdo Station airfields include the Ice Runway (October to December) and Pegasus Field used in August and December through to February of each season.〔("Chapter 7: Stations and Ships" ), ''2010-2012 USAP Participant Guide'']. United States Antarctica Program, May 2010.〕 The Williams Field snow runway is known locally as "Willy's Field." The airfield is a groomed snow surface that can support ski-equipped aircraft landings only. A cluster of facilities for flight operations, referred to as "Willy Town," includes several rows of containers for workers and a galley. Some of the buildings are relocated to support flight operations at the nearby Ice Runway and distant Pegasus Field. Willy Field Tavern, a bar at the airfield, closed in 1994. Aviation fuel at Williams Field is pumped in a 16 km (10 mi) flexible pipe from McMurdo Station. Fuel is stored in up to 12 tanks. The fuel tanks, like other structures at the airfield, are mounted on skis or runners for portability.〔(Planning and Hazards of Spill Response in Antarctica. ) Erich R. Gundlach, E-Tech International, Inc.; John J. Gallagher Gallagher, Marine Systems, Inc.; John Hatcher and Tom Vinson, Raytheon Polar Services Company. 2001 International Oil Spill Conference.〕 Generator and heating fuel is delivered to the station by fuel trucks from McMurdo Station, with fuels stored at the individual structures. The extraordinary conditions encountered at Williams Field include the fact that the airfield is in a continuous slow slide towards the sea. Seaward movement of the floating McMurdo Ice Shelf upon which the airfield is constructed has forced Williams Field to be relocated three times since its original construction. Workers last moved the airfield during the 1984-85 season.〔(''Berthing at McMurdo for Williams Field'' ), Office of Polar Programs; National Science Foundation. August 19, 1993.〕 Subsequently, personnel housed at Williams lived in buildings constructed on sleds to facilitate relocation. In the past, up to 450 people were housed at the airfield, according to the National Science Foundation. In 1994 the National Science Foundation constructed two dorm buildings at McMurdo Station and began transporting personnel to Williams Field using various vehicles including Foremost Delta II and Ford E-350 vans. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Williams Field」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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